The following sentences refer to future events. Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the correct form of the Present Continuous tense of to go, followed by the infinitive of the verb shown in brackets. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in the blanks with the Future Continuous of the verbs shown in brackets.
For example: They will be serving the dessert. Will they be serving the dessert? They will not be serving the dessert. Will they not be serving the dessert? Won't they be serving the dessert? They will be serving the dessert, won't they?
He will be needing this. They will be living here. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in the blanks with the Future Perfect of the verbs shown in brackets. Using the Present Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets.
Each of the following sentences is preceded by a bare infinitive, the most heavily stressed syllable of which is underlined. Paying attention to whether or not the final consonant should be doubled before ing is added, fill in the blanks with the present participles corresponding to the bare infinitives. Use the American spell- ing for verbs ending in l. They are whispering to their friends. I was referring to your letter. For example: It is snowing.
Is it snowing? They are being cautious. Are they being cautious? I am learning English. You are carrying a parcel. It is growing colder. We are living in Halifax. They are running a race. He is drinking coffee. She is shopping for presents. I am cleaning the window.
We are buying pencils. They are playing football. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 5 into negative statements. It is not snowing. They are not being cautious. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 5 into negative questions.
Except when the subject of the verb is I, write both the form without contractions and the form with contractions. Is it not snowing? Are they not being cautious? Isn't it snowing? Aren't they being cautious? Add negative tag questions to the affirmative statements given in Exer cise 5. Except when the subject of the verb is I, use contractions for the tag questions. It is snowing, isn't it? They are being cautious, aren't they? For each of the following sentences, determine whether the Simple Present tense or the Present Continuous tense is more appropriate, and fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.
Using the Past Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. They were trying to find some boots. For example: You were learning French. Were you learning French? You were not learning French. Were you not learning French?
Weren't you learning French? You were learning French, weren't you? We were starting a business. He was singing. She was waiting outside. I was walking to school It was not raining. Using the Present Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. He has finished the work. Rewrite the following sentences, using the contracted form of the auxiliary to have. For example: It has started.
We have telephoned. I have agreed. You have moved. He has looked. We have argued. They have explained. You have waited. She has answered. We have finished.
It has cooled. I have ordered. Paying attention to the spelling of the past participles, fill in the blanks using the Present Perfect tense of the regular verbs shown in brackets. They have scarred the hillside. Keeping in mind that the ending ed forms a separate syllable only when it follows the letter d or t, indicate the number of syllables in each of the following past participles.
Read each of the the past participles aloud. Referring to the table of irregular verbs if necessary, fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets. He has chosen it. Following the model of the examples, rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
For example: I have read this book. They have eaten the cookies. Have I read this book? I have not read this book. Have I not read this book? He has found the answer. She has told the truth. Has he found the answer? He has not found the answer. Has he not found the answer? He has run fast.
We have watered the plants. Using the Past Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. They had been to the opera. For example: He had attended the concert. Had he attended the concert? He had not attended the concert. Had he not attended the concert?
Hadn't he attended the concert? He had attended the concert, hadn't he? You had entered the contest. I had wanted to come. We had arrived on time. She had gone to Colombo. Paying attention to the spelling of the present participles, fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. Following the model of the example, rewrite the following two affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
For example: They have been enjoying themselves. Have they been enjoying themselves? They have not been enjoying themselves. Have they not been enjoying themselves? It has been snowing. You have been visiting your friends. Using the Past Perfect Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example: She had been keeping a diary. Had she been keeping a diary? She had not been keeping a diary. Had she not been keeping a diary? Hadn't she been keeping a diary?
She had been keeping a diary, hadn't she? We had been raking the leaves. You had been visiting your cousins. They had been swimming in the lake. For each of the following sentences, paying attention to whether the under- lined auxiliary is a form of to be, to do or to have, fill in the blank with the bare infinitive, present participle, or past participle of the verb given in brackets, as appropriate.
Refer if necessary to the table summarizing the formation of the English present and past tenses. Make the following statements emphatic. For example: He likes cats. You have finished. He does like cats. They were here. We are not ready. I enjoy reading. They do not like music. It snowed. I have found my pen. She cooks well. You were listening to the radio. They found the answer. SpeakOut Starter 2nd edition Speakout is a comprehensive six-level general English course for adults that has….
Free download ebook: A practical English grammar 4th edition PDF one of the best grammar books A practical English grammar 4th PDF A grammar reference that is known for its clear explanations and for dealing with the topics students find….
Family and Friends 2nd edition - Download Full download. Family and Friends 2nd edition Includes: Starter; Level 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5, 6. Language Level: Beginner to Elementary Pre…. Each topic can fill 20 to 40 minutes of…. Oxford Picture Dictionary Illustrations present more than 4, English words and phrases.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Share this post with your friends.
Table of Contents. Telegram Channel. It then moves on to more complex tenses. Good clear examples and explanations are illustrated throughout the book. Clear distinction has been made on when and how to use the past perfect and the past perfect continuous. In addition, all the conditionals are clearly explained. Learn how to use adjectives and adverbs correctly. You will find everything you need to know all in one book. Detailed explanations are given on how to use all the future forms.
If the modal auxiliary verbs are causing you confusion, then this is the book for you. A section of the book is dedicated to some of the most commonly used phrasal verbs in the English language. Test your phrasal verb knowledge - in context. Answers are given. All this and much more Please note: This book is based on standard British English.
Born in the North East of Scotland, she has spent most of her adult life abroad, teaching students of various nationalities how to speak English effectively. Throughout her teaching career she has gained enormous insight into the most common errors made by students learning English as a second language. This book has been put together to clarify the correct usage of the tense system. I have cold. I am cold. I am thirsty. You have wrong. You are wrong. Example: It is cold today.
It was hot yesterday. She is sad today. It is common to use the verbs associated with the senses with adjectives. It means something that makes you laugh or something strange. Example: It was really great to see you again. For adjectives followed by a preposition, then we use the gerund. Example: He is fed up with cleaning every day.
She is tired of working so many hours. Hans is German. He comes from Berlin. Example: I have a shower every morning. Fact The train leaves at 7pm. This is a fixed timetable where the present simple is used to indicate a future event. We can also say: We leave for Berlin tomorrow at 7pm, as the speaker sees this as a fixed event similar to a timetable.
Normally we use state verbs for a fact. Some state verbs are as follows: Of course some action verbs used for habits can also be seen as a state or a general truth. Example: I play tennis. Habit We can never use state verbs for habit. We can also use the present simple tense when narrating a story; even if the story is in the past.
We also use the present simple with the zero conditional, which means something which is always true. Example: If you drop an egg, it breaks.
Every time If we get up early, we always go jogging. Every time we get up early Q When do we use the present continuous? A We use the present continuous to speak about actions in progress at the moment of speaking.
You are watching the movie. He, she, it is watching the movie. We are watching the movie. They are watching the movie. The Question Am I watching the movie? Are you watching the movie?
Is he, she, it watching the movie? Are we watching the movie? Are they watching the movie? The negative I am not watching the movie. You are not watching the movie.
He, she, it is not watching the movie. We are not watching the movie. They are not watching the movie. There is a variant to the above. There is no contraction short form with the question form. The only exception is in third person singular when using a question word.
Example: Where is he going? What is she doing? He live in Paris. He lives in Paris. Not only is it incorrect but it sounds bad.
Other examples of third person singular and third person plural errors are as follows: People lives. People live. A person lives or people live. Everyone have. Everyone has. One of my students have gone to England.
One of my students has gone to England. This error is due to incorrect verb conjugation. Arrived John at the station. John arrived at the station.
Extremely common for non native speakers to forget that in English the subject comes before the verb in affirmations. My brother hespeaks English. My brother speaks English. My country it is very beautiful. My country is beautiful. This my car cost me a lot of money. My car cost a lot of money. These are classical errors. In the above examples, the speaker has used two subjects instead of only one. I think is going to rain.
I think it is going to rain. We always need a subject before the verb. Here is another example of this kind of error: Is alright to meet at 4 instead of at 5? Is it alright to meet at 4 instead of at 5? There is no subject. The subject pronouns — I, you, he, she, it, we, you pl and they, can be substituted with pronouns, nouns or possessive pronouns. He is ready or John is ready. The book is a noun therefore the subject pronoun of the sentence.
Sentence patterns: A sentence always consists of at least two parts, — a subject and a predicate verb. There are long sentences and there are short ones.
A sentence, whether short or long, expresses a complete idea. Independent clauses are called independent because they make sense when they stand on their own. Example: I refuse. The wind blows. Electricity costs.
Dogs bark. Bees sting. Cats meow. It does not express a complete idea. It is a dependent clause — fragmented.
The listener expects to hear more information from the speaker. I go where? I go to the cinema every week. Compound subject two subjects related to the same verb : James and his colleagues collaborate.
We can make the sentences above longer by adding more information. I refuse to eat that awful food. The wind blows where? The wind blows at night. James and his colleagues collaborate on the project. We can elaborate more on a sentence and add adjectives for description.
Good friends are loyal people. In the above sentence we have used adjectives to describe the noun. We can make sentences even longer by adding more information. Electricity costs a lot during the day in most countries.
Here we have added the answer to three questions. How much? A lot — When? During the day — Where? In most countries. We can give more details and add an adjective and an adverb. As mentioned before, the adjective describes the noun whereas adverbs describe the verb. Solar powered electricity rarely costs much during the day.
For more on adverbs of frequency and the position they take in a sentence please go to Chapter three - Adverbs of Frequency. So, to create sentences we must ask ourselves questions - Why? When we use the possessive pronouns - My, your, his, her, its, their, your and our, they refer to whom something belongs.
NOT the car of John. Compound subject two subjects related to the same verb. Take a look at the variations below for relatively simple sentence constructions. Open you the window. Open the window. When we use the imperative, there is no subject. Other examples: Stand up Sit down Turn off the light before you leave Go to bed Q How do we form the negative when we use the imperative? Q When do we use the imperative? Exclamation The following example can be seen on the label of a jumper.
Washing instructions Wash all woollen garments in lukewarm water. Do not smoke in the airport. Do not leave your luggage unattended. Where does work Mary? Where does Mary work? Example: Do you speak English? Do is the auxiliary verb - you is the subject, and speak is the infinitive. This type of question requires no question word and begins with the auxiliary.
Questions which start with a question word have a full answer. Example: A Where do you live? B I live in London. He likes me? Does he like me? You understand? Do you understand? You speak English? Do you speak English? If the question has no question word and begins with an auxiliary, then remember ASI, that is, auxiliary verb, subject and infinitive of the verb.
This is because two auxiliary verbs cannot be used together. Q How do we make the negative of be? See the following chart. Example: I do not understand. In third person: Example: My father does not understand me. I saw she. I saw her. It is important to remember that the subject pronoun comes before the verb and the object pronoun comes after it.
I saw you and Jane last night or I saw you pl. He saw you and me or he saw us. Q Are there any other types of questions in English? In fact it is common for students who are learning English as a second language to make the following type of error.
What did happen last night? What happened last night? This is a different type of question from the normal ones. The subject is already in the question so we do not use an auxiliary verb. When we use a subject question in the past simple tense, the verb needs to be used in the past tense too. LIKE V. Do you like to see my photographs? Would you like to see my photographs? This first sentence is incorrect. Example: I like to look at my photograph album before I go to bed. Examples: I would like to go to New York this summer.
I would not like to live in a hot country. I went to the supermarket for to buy some bread. I went to the supermarket to buy bread. This states the reason we do something or go somewhere. More examples are: A Why are you going to London? B To see the Queen. A Why did you switch on the TV? B To watch the news. B Because I was hungry. This is because there is no verb to put into the infinitive.
We go usually to the cinema on Sundays. We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. They are used mainly with the present simple tense. Compare: I am never late for work. I hardly ever have breakfast. I speak a good English. I speak good English. I speak English good. I speak English well. Here are some more common errors of the same type: I did good in the English exam. I did well in the English exam.
I work hardly. I work hard. He drives fastly. He drives fast. The adjective and the adverb are the same. A Ferrari is a fast car. Remember, English is full of exceptions to the general rule.
Examples: You look good. She sounds English. In the two examples given above, both are right. Adverb of time He is an early bird. He is always late. Adverb of time I want to watch the late night movie before I go to bed. When learning new adjectives, adverbs and verbs, it is always a good idea to learn their opposites. Write them down in a context so as to remember them and revise them whenever possible.
Late, as mentioned before, is both an adjective and an adverb. Never on time I have been working a lot lately. In this recent period of time Sorry for the late. This means that if you go to bed early, you get enough sleep to wake up early in the morning and have enough hours in the day to work and make money.
So you stay in good health and have wealth money to buy what you need for your life. The early bird catches the worm. This means that the person who is up early in the morning, is the one who makes money. If you stay in bed all morning you do not earn any money and could fall into poverty. There are different categories of adverbs in English. They typically express manner, time, place, frequency, level of certainty, to which degree etc.
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens or how someone does something. She sings beautifully. Beautiful is an adjective. It describes the noun — singer. Beautifully is an adverb. How does she sing? He is a slow walker. How does he walk? Slowly They are enthusiastic students.
They work enthusiastically. How do they work? Enthusiastically The boy is a careful driver. He drives carefully. How does the boy drive? Carefully The children are happy when they are playing. They play happily. How do the children play? Some more adverbs formed from the adjective with — ly endings.
These adverbs tell us where things are. They tell us about the location of the action verb. They can refer to a direction: up, down, across, north, south, east, west.
0コメント